palpites para segunda rodada da copa do mundo

palpites para segunda rodada da copa do mundo

World Chess Championship Won GM Viswanathan Anand of India won the World Championship,

September 2007 in Mecico City, a point 🍋 ahead of his nearest rivals, GMs Vladimir

Kramnik of Russia and Boris Gelfand of Israel. Anand's final score was 'plus 🍋 four' (or

'+4'), meaning that he won four more games than he lost. Since he did not lose a single

🍋 game, we can also write his score as +4-0=10, meaning four wins, no losses, and ten

draws. His closest rivals 🍋 finished at 'plus two', both +3-1=10. The diagram shows the

last position from the last game (Rd.14: Anand - Leko). 🍋 White has just played

20.Bg5-e3. The material left on the board is balanced, the Pawn structure is balanced,

and neither 🍋 side has a significant weakness. The game was drawn at this point, making

Anand the new World Champion. In this 🍋 tutorial, we'll look at some of the crucial games

and positions from Mexico City that Anand encountered on his way 🍋 to winning the

championship. We are indebted to the Chessbase site (see the box 'Elsewhere on the

Web'), especially the 🍋 analyses by GM Mihail Marin and the videos by Vijay Kumar of the

post game press conferences. The Openings: Anand 🍋 Playing White (+3-0=4) The strategy of

top tier chess players often uses a simple formula: Win with White; draw with 🍋 Black.

This means that all players follow the same opening strategy. They play opening systems

that maximize their chances of 🍋 winning with White and of drawing with Black. Mexico

City was no different. The eight participants played each other twice, 🍋 and the four

games per round over 14 rounds produced 56 games. White won 18, Black won 2, and 36

🍋 were drawn (+18-2=36). Anand opened all seven of his games as White with 1.e4. One

opponent responded 1...c5, and the 🍋 other six replied 1...e5. Against those six, Anand

played 2.Nf3. Two opponents replied 2...Nf6 (the Petrov [Petroff] Defense), while the

🍋 other four replied 2...Nc6. All four games followed the main line of the Ruy Lopez

(3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O 🍋 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 O-O), and three of those four games

arrived at the position shown in the diagram, known 🍋 as the Marshall Attack (8.c3 d5).

Both the Petrov and the Marshall give Black excellent drawing chances. Black's winning

chances 🍋 aren't very high, but neither is the risk of losing. The Petrov was played

seven times in Mexico City (+0-0=7). 🍋 The Marshall was played four times (+1-0=3), and

would have been played more often if Black hadn't sidestepped it with 🍋 the Anti-Marshall

moves 8.h3 (+0-0=3) and 8.a4 (+2-0=0). The Openings: Anand Playing Black (+1-0=6) As

Black, Anand faced 1.e4 twice, 🍋 answering 1...e5 in both games. In the other five games,

all of which opened 1.d4, he answered 1...d5 2.c4 c6 🍋 twice, and 1...Nf6 2.c4 e6 three

times. The 1.d4 openings provide more opportunity for transpositions between different

systems than do 🍋 the 1.e4 openings. Four of Anand's 1.d4 games converged to the same

position (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 d5 4.Nc3 🍋 c6). Three of these games continued 5.Bg5 h6

6.Bh4 dxc4 7.e4 g5 8.Bg3 b5, reaching the position shown in the 🍋 diagram. Known as the

Anti-Meran Gambit, it was played in five games overall (+0-1=4). Top tier players spend

much of 🍋 their preparation studying the games of their rivals, in particular their

opening repertoires. They assume that their rivals are doing 🍋 the same. Together with

small teams of trusted assistants, everyone armed with the latest chess software and

data, they probe 🍋 their opponents' openings looking for moves that might surprise. They

also verify their own openings by looking for improvements to 🍋 avoid surprises by well

prepared opponents. It is almost impossible for an observer to explain why a particular

player chose 🍋 a particular opening against a particular opponent in a particular game.

Much depends on the preparation of the two adversaries, 🍋 on their history of playing

together, and on other games in the same event which have seen the most fashionable

🍋 openings. The choice of opening is largely psychological and only the players can

explain their choices satisfactorily. Rd.2: Winning with 🍋 Black

Aronian - Anand; after

22.e4-d5(xP) In the first round, the eight players started cautiously. All four games

were drawn in 🍋 less than 30 moves. In the second round, Anand played Black against GM

Levon Aronian of Armenia, a dangerous opponent 🍋 who was fully capable of winning the

event. The game started with an Anti-Meran Gambit, and followed a known variation 🍋 until

Anand uncorked a novelty on his 17th move. A few moves later Aronian made a temporary

sacrifice of a 🍋 minor piece, arriving at the diagrammed position. Now if the Bishop

retreats with 22...Bb7, White regains the sacrificed piece with 🍋 23.c6, obtaining an

excellent game with pressure against the Black Paxn on g4.. Anand played the surprising

22...Be5!, when White 🍋 was forced to continue 23.f4. After 23...Bg7 24.dxc6 Nxc5, the

White Bishops were passively placed. Anand (video): 'I think he 🍋 missed this plan of

...Be5 and ...Bg7, or he underestimated it. In the whole game I'm playing against his

Bishop 🍋 on e2; my Pawns on h5 and g4, and b5 and c4 control this Bishop. This turned out

to be 🍋 the deciding factor in the game.' Aronian resigned on his 42nd move. This second

round win with Black over a 🍋 dangerous rival was an excellent start for the Indian GM.

Rd.5: Beating the Marshall

Anand - Svidler; after 26.Qd3-d1 Since reigning 🍋 World

Champion Kramnik was the only other player to win in the second round, the two

pre-tournament favorites took the 🍋 lead, a position they maintained by drawing with each

other in round three and against their respective opponents in round 🍋 four. In the fifth

round Anand played against the Marshall Attack for the first time in the event. The

diagrammed 🍋 position is typical of the Marshall. Black is a Pawn down, but Black's

pieces, especially the Rooks, are placed more 🍋 aggressively than White's. A few moves

earlier, Black had weakened his Kingside with 24...g5. The game continued 26...Nf6

27.a4 Ne4 🍋 28.axb5 axb5 29.Ra6. After tying down the Black pieces to the defense of the

Queenside, Anand played Ng2-e3-f5 and broke 🍋 through on the Kingside. Anand (video): 'In

a very complicated position at the end he spotted me a bit of 🍋 time. At the end the

position was unbelievably complicated. Basically I tried to get a position where White

is able 🍋 to hold onto the Pawn at the cost of a significant initiative for Black [. ..]

When he went Nd5-f6-e4, 🍋 it's a pretty good plan, because suddenly I can't swap Rooks

very easily. That means his attack when it comes 🍋 will be very strong. I reacted with a4

and Ra6, probably the only correct reaction.' Kramnik drew his game, and 🍋 Anand was

alone in the lead for the first time. Rd.7: Avoiding the Marshall

Anand - Grischuk;

after 16...Bc8-g4 In the 🍋 sixth round, while Anand and Kramnik both drew, a new front

runner emerged. Gelfand won his second straight game to 🍋 tie Anand at 'plus two'. Faced

with the possibility of playing against the Marshall Attack for the second time, Anand

🍋 varied with 8.a4, an Anti-Marshall move. In the diagrammed position, the Black Knight

is well posted on b4, but White 🍋 has a stronger center. The game continued 17.h3 Bh5

18.g4 Bg6 19.d5!. With the last move, White locked the Bishop 🍋 on g6 out of play. Anand

(video): 'I'm not exactly sure how this plan is in the opening with ...Bg4. 🍋 It's very

forcing because I must play [h3 and] g4, but on the other hand his Bishop gets

sidetracked to 🍋 g6. I felt that I should be better, but the tactics are quite annoying.

A bit later I realized that 🍋 my Bishop on b1 is trapped for a while. So it was a complex

game.' The world no.1 gradually improved 🍋 the position of his own pieces, kept his

opponent's pieces in passive positions, and broke through by sacrificing a Pawn 🍋 on the

Queenside to invade Black's position on the Kingside. Black's d-Pawn fell and the

White's strong, central d- & 🍋 e-Pawns were enough to ensure victory. Rd.8: Drawing with

Black against the Closest Contender

Gelfand - Anand; after 10.Bc1-d2 At the

🍋 tournament's half way point, when all the players had met each other exactly once,

Anand was again alone in the 🍋 lead. At 'plus three' (+3-0=4), he was a half point ahead

of Gelfand ('plus two') and a full point ahead 🍋 of Kramnik ('plus one'). He was to play

Black against Gelfand in the first game of the second half. In 🍋 the diagrammed position,

Anand played 10...Bd6. It was a move that had been played only once before, and that

Gelfand 🍋 had not seen. Anand (video): 'Basically I wanted to surprise Boris with this

idea of ...Bd6. It's a very rare 🍋 move, but I'd done some work on it with some people

some months back. It comes down to the Catalan 🍋 is a story that you play ...e5 or ...c5

or you don't. If you're not in time, you're worse. Here 🍋 I think ...Qb8 and ...e5 were

very important moves.' The surprise worked. Gelfand played 11.Rd1 instead of the more

aggressive 🍋 11.Bg5. The game was agreed drawn on the 20th move. When Kramnik also drew

on the Black side of a 🍋 Petrov Defense, the three leaders retained their respective

positions on the crosstable. Rd.10: Drawing with Black Against the Most Dangerous

🍋 Opponent

Kramnik - Anand; after 28.Qh5-h6(xP) In round nine, Anand agreed to a draw

against after 21 moves Aronian's Marshall. Gelfand 🍋 and Kramnik both lost their only

games of the tournament, stretching Anand's lead to a full point. Round 10, with 🍋 Black

against World Champion Kramnik, would likely be the Indian's most severe test of the

event. In an Anti-Meran Gambit, 🍋 both players had prepared the opening and the initial

moves were played quickly. Black was forced to sacrifice the exchange, 🍋 but received

good compensation in a centrally posted Knight. In the diagrammed position Black played

28...Nf4. Anand (video): 'When I 🍋 played Nf4 I thought it was quite unpleasant for him,

and that's when I started to feel that I was 🍋 better already. He can never take on g5

because of ...Ne2+ and ...Qh2+. He cannot play g3 either because of 🍋 ...Ne2+, ...Qd5+,

and ...Rd8. On Re1, I just go ...Qd5, and so on. So I started to get ambitious, but 🍋 he

found 29.Kh1, which is the best move. I went 29...Qd5 30.f3 Rd8 31.Qg7 Rd7, and here my

Knight is 🍋 too strong. By playing 32.Qf8 with the threat of Rfc1, I thought I could go

32...Qd6 33.Qg7 Qd5, and then 🍋 it's a draw. Probably this was best. I thought 32...Ne2

was very strong because I'm also restraining Rfc1, but completely 🍋 missed 33.Rfe1.'

Kramnik in turn missed the best move. With a lot of fight left in the position, but

tired 🍋 from the constant tactical complications, the players agreed to a draw on the

41st move. Rd.11: Clinching the Title (Almost)

Anand 🍋 - Morozevich; after 30...Rh4-h5

Anand now led by a point with four rounds to be played. In the next round 🍋 he had White

against Morozevich, a daring player who is always full of creative tactical ideas.

Against Anand's 1.e4, the 🍋 Russian played 1...c5, the only game in Mexico where Anand

faced other than 1...e5. Play from the diagrammed position continued 🍋 31.Qf1 Rh4 32.Qg2

Rh5, bringing the game back to the diagram. If Anand had now continued 33.Qf1, the

players would 🍋 most likely have repeated the same move sequence, leading to a draw by

triple repetition. Instead he played 33.Nxa6. GM 🍋 Marin (analysis): 'An important moment

in modern chess history. Anand's most dangerous trailers, Kramnik and Gelfand, had

finished their games 🍋 hours earlier and a draw would have maintained his comfortable

lead in the tournament. The ambitious decision to play on 🍋 will lead to a slightly

irrational position, without any safety net for White. Therefore, Anand deserves the

highest praise for 🍋 the way he chose to climb up to the highest peak of the chess

pyramide. This is the kind of 🍋 World Champion the public needs. Anand's reward for his

daring play was to pull ahead of his nearest rival by 🍋 a point and a half. With only

three games remaining, this was an almost insurmountable lead. Rd.13: Holding a Bad

🍋 Endgame

Grischuk - Anand; after 40.Kd4-c4 Most people believe that chess is not a game

of chance. By any strict definition 🍋 of the word 'chance', they are probably right.

Chess players know better. No matter how far ahead they calculate variations, 🍋 or how

solid their position seems to be, there is always a chance that they have overlooked

something. Going into 🍋 the penultimate round, Anand's lead was still a full point and

only bad luck could steal the victory from him. 🍋 After Grischuk's 40.Kc4, as shown in

the diagram, Anand played 40...Kc8. White's unexpected 41.Rc2! put him in great danger

of 🍋 losing. Anand (video): 'I blundered in the Rook ending, but the funny thing is I

might not have lost anything 🍋 anytime at all. Even if I had gone correctly [via e7] to

f6, he would have gone to e3, checked 🍋 on f3, and we would have had exactly the same

position as in the game. It's funny that you can 🍋 blunder something and still end up in

the exact same situation. I don't know if it's a draw, but I 🍋 remembered once I drew

with [Kramnik] in Monaco like this. You keep attacking one Pawn on the Queenside and

one 🍋 on the Kingside, back and forth. It's a typical idea in Rook endings. It seemed to

hold this time. I 🍋 didn't see a clear win for him and I didn't see a clear draw for me,

but somehow it was 🍋 enough. • It's difficult to play a tournament without one bad day,

and for me today was the day I 🍋 chose to play some lousy moves. At least it was not

enough.' Anand held the position by simplifying into an 🍋 endgame of Rook and a-Pawn vs.

Rook and h-Pawn, sacrificing his Rook for Grischuk's a-Pawn, and shepherding his h-Pawn

to 🍋 the promotion to its eighth rank, where his opponent was forced to sacrifice his own

Rook. The draw was a 🍋 question of a tempo: one tempo more and White would have won.

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